Talk:Vex: Difference between revisions
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::::::::: That's fine I'm gonna edit it now or in the future anyway thank you. -- [[User:Titan66|Titan66]] ([[User talk:Titan66|talk]]) 18:46, 30 August 2017 (EDT) | ::::::::: That's fine I'm gonna edit it now or in the future anyway thank you. -- [[User:Titan66|Titan66]] ([[User talk:Titan66|talk]]) 18:46, 30 August 2017 (EDT) | ||
== Silicon biochemistry == | |||
Structure of silane, analog of methane. | |||
Structure of the silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). | |||
Marine diatoms—carbon-based organisms that extract silicon from sea water, in the form of its oxide (silica) and incorporate it into their cell walls | |||
See also: Organosilicon | |||
The silicon atom has been much discussed as the basis for an alternative biochemical system, because silicon has many chemical properties similar to those of carbon and is in the same group of the periodic table, the carbon group. Like carbon, silicon can create molecules that are sufficiently large to carry biological information.[10] | |||
However, silicon has several drawbacks as an alternative to carbon. Silicon, unlike carbon, lacks the ability to form chemical bonds with diverse types of atoms as is necessary for the chemical versatility required for metabolism. Elements creating organic functional groups with carbon include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and metals such as iron, magnesium, and zinc. Silicon, on the other hand, interacts with very few other types of atoms.[10] Moreover, where it does interact with other atoms, silicon creates molecules that have been described as "monotonous compared with the combinatorial universe of organic macromolecules".[10] This is because silicon atoms are much bigger, having a larger mass and atomic radius, and so have difficulty forming double bonds (the double bonded carbon is part of the carbonyl group, a fundamental motif of bio-organic chemistry). | |||
Silanes, which are chemical compounds of hydrogen and silicon that are analogous to the alkane hydrocarbons, are highly reactive with water, and long-chain silanes spontaneously decompose. Molecules incorporating polymers of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms instead of direct bonds between silicon, known collectively as silicones, are much more stable. It has been suggested that silicone-based chemicals would be more stable than equivalent hydrocarbons in a sulfuric-acid-rich environment, as is found in some extraterrestrial locations.[11] | |||
Of the varieties of molecules identified in the interstellar medium as of 1998, 84 are based on carbon while only 8 are based on silicon.[12] Moreover, of those 8 compounds, four also include carbon within them. The cosmic abundance of carbon to silicon is roughly 10 to 1. This may suggest a greater variety of complex carbon compounds throughout the cosmos, providing less of a foundation on which to build silicon-based biologies, at least under the conditions prevalent on the surface of planets. Also, even though Earth and other terrestrial planets are exceptionally silicon-rich and carbon-poor (the relative abundance of silicon to carbon in Earth's crust is roughly 925:1), terrestrial life is carbon-based. The fact that carbon is used instead of silicon, may be evidence that silicon is poorly suited for biochemistry on Earth-like planets. Reasons for which may be that silicon is less versatile than carbon in forming compounds, that the compounds formed by silicon are unstable, and that it blocks the flow of heat.[13] | |||
Even so, biogenic silica is used by some Earth life, such as the silicate skeletal structure of diatoms. According to the clay hypothesis of A. G. Cairns-Smith, silicate minerals in water played a crucial role in abiogenesis: they replicated their crystal structures, interacted with carbon compounds, and were the precursors of carbon-based life.[14][15] | |||
Although not observed in nature, carbon–silicon bonds have been added to biochemistry by using directed evolution (artificial selection). A heme containing cytochrome c protein from Rhodothermus marinus has been engineered using directed evolution to catalyze the formation of new carbon–silicon bonds between hydrosilanes and diazo compounds.[16] | |||
Silicon compounds may possibly be biologically useful under temperatures or pressures different from the surface of a terrestrial planet, either in conjunction with or in a role less directly analogous to carbon. Polysilanols, the silicon compounds corresponding to sugars, are soluble in liquid nitrogen, suggesting that they could play a role in very low temperature biochemistry.[17][18] | |||
In cinematic and literary science fiction, at a moment when man-made machines cross from nonliving to living, it is often posited, this new form would be the first example of non-carbon-based life. Since the advent of the microprocessor in the late 1960s, these machines are often classed as computers (or computer-guided robots) and filed under "silicon-based life", even though the silicon backing matrix of these processors is not nearly as fundamental to their operation as carbon is for "wet life". [[User:Nittin Das|Nittin Das]] ([[User talk:Nittin Das|talk]]) 10:44, 28 April 2018 (EDT) | |||
Revision as of 10:44, April 28, 2018
Has anyone noticed in the lake concept art the area has similar features to Venus, where the Vex were stated to 'live' FlaminHawk (talk) 15:46, 23 September 2013 (EDT) FlaminHawk
Me. Always use the DMR. This is craZboy557, signing off. 18:42, 23 September 2013 (EDT)
Axis Mind
Is there a way if anybody can help me create a new article about Axis Minds or someone else like Dante or Arcmind to do it?? -- Titan66 (talk) 24:56, 30 August 2017 (EDT)
- I'd be happy to help you. :) Just let me know what you are thinking and I'll create the page and you can take over from there!
Arcmind Execute long hold for reactivation. 
AI-COM/ACMD SIGNOFF 08:56, 30 August 2017 (EDT)
- It'd be my pleasure. ;) Whenever you are ready, just hit me up through the message board - or preferably the discord, and I will walk ou through the necessary steps. It is relatively simple to do actually. From there, you will be able to make pages whenever you want. Arcmind Execute long hold for reactivation. AI-COM/ACMD SIGNOFF 15:38, 30 August 2017 (EDT)
- It'd be my pleasure. ;) Whenever you are ready, just hit me up through the message board - or preferably the discord, and I will walk ou through the necessary steps. It is relatively simple to do actually. From there, you will be able to make pages whenever you want.
- I could, but I would much rather you learn how so that you are always able to contribute without waiting on someone else to get around to it. Besides, with D2 coming out, we could definitely use your help. And being able to edit independently will make you more effective. It is quite easy to make them and can be done in a matter of minutes. I can still make it if you want, but I just thought knowing how may come in handy when I or Dante are not around. What say you? Arcmind Execute long hold for reactivation. AI-COM/ACMD SIGNOFF 17:42, 30 August 2017 (EDT)
- I could, but I would much rather you learn how so that you are always able to contribute without waiting on someone else to get around to it. Besides, with D2 coming out, we could definitely use your help. And being able to edit independently will make you more effective. It is quite easy to make them and can be done in a matter of minutes. I can still make it if you want, but I just thought knowing how may come in handy when I or Dante are not around. What say you?
- Alright, so why don't you type in the words Axis Mind (the way it is capitalized here) in the search. Then click on the red link. It will take you to an editing thing. Then just do like you would normally when editing. Also don't forget to add a boss template with the appropriate info. When you finish, hit save and that is all you need to do. :) Arcmind Execute long hold for reactivation. AI-COM/ACMD SIGNOFF 18:35, 30 August 2017 (EDT)
- Alright, so why don't you type in the words Axis Mind (the way it is capitalized here) in the search. Then click on the red link. It will take you to an editing thing. Then just do like you would normally when editing. Also don't forget to add a boss template with the appropriate info. When you finish, hit save and that is all you need to do. :)
- I already did it. You're welcome. :)
Primus Draug'oth Can I help you? • No, you do it. 18:45, 30 August 2017 (EST)
- I already did it. You're welcome. :)
Silicon biochemistry
Structure of silane, analog of methane.
Structure of the silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Marine diatoms—carbon-based organisms that extract silicon from sea water, in the form of its oxide (silica) and incorporate it into their cell walls See also: Organosilicon The silicon atom has been much discussed as the basis for an alternative biochemical system, because silicon has many chemical properties similar to those of carbon and is in the same group of the periodic table, the carbon group. Like carbon, silicon can create molecules that are sufficiently large to carry biological information.[10]
However, silicon has several drawbacks as an alternative to carbon. Silicon, unlike carbon, lacks the ability to form chemical bonds with diverse types of atoms as is necessary for the chemical versatility required for metabolism. Elements creating organic functional groups with carbon include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and metals such as iron, magnesium, and zinc. Silicon, on the other hand, interacts with very few other types of atoms.[10] Moreover, where it does interact with other atoms, silicon creates molecules that have been described as "monotonous compared with the combinatorial universe of organic macromolecules".[10] This is because silicon atoms are much bigger, having a larger mass and atomic radius, and so have difficulty forming double bonds (the double bonded carbon is part of the carbonyl group, a fundamental motif of bio-organic chemistry).
Silanes, which are chemical compounds of hydrogen and silicon that are analogous to the alkane hydrocarbons, are highly reactive with water, and long-chain silanes spontaneously decompose. Molecules incorporating polymers of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms instead of direct bonds between silicon, known collectively as silicones, are much more stable. It has been suggested that silicone-based chemicals would be more stable than equivalent hydrocarbons in a sulfuric-acid-rich environment, as is found in some extraterrestrial locations.[11]
Of the varieties of molecules identified in the interstellar medium as of 1998, 84 are based on carbon while only 8 are based on silicon.[12] Moreover, of those 8 compounds, four also include carbon within them. The cosmic abundance of carbon to silicon is roughly 10 to 1. This may suggest a greater variety of complex carbon compounds throughout the cosmos, providing less of a foundation on which to build silicon-based biologies, at least under the conditions prevalent on the surface of planets. Also, even though Earth and other terrestrial planets are exceptionally silicon-rich and carbon-poor (the relative abundance of silicon to carbon in Earth's crust is roughly 925:1), terrestrial life is carbon-based. The fact that carbon is used instead of silicon, may be evidence that silicon is poorly suited for biochemistry on Earth-like planets. Reasons for which may be that silicon is less versatile than carbon in forming compounds, that the compounds formed by silicon are unstable, and that it blocks the flow of heat.[13]
Even so, biogenic silica is used by some Earth life, such as the silicate skeletal structure of diatoms. According to the clay hypothesis of A. G. Cairns-Smith, silicate minerals in water played a crucial role in abiogenesis: they replicated their crystal structures, interacted with carbon compounds, and were the precursors of carbon-based life.[14][15]
Although not observed in nature, carbon–silicon bonds have been added to biochemistry by using directed evolution (artificial selection). A heme containing cytochrome c protein from Rhodothermus marinus has been engineered using directed evolution to catalyze the formation of new carbon–silicon bonds between hydrosilanes and diazo compounds.[16]
Silicon compounds may possibly be biologically useful under temperatures or pressures different from the surface of a terrestrial planet, either in conjunction with or in a role less directly analogous to carbon. Polysilanols, the silicon compounds corresponding to sugars, are soluble in liquid nitrogen, suggesting that they could play a role in very low temperature biochemistry.[17][18]
In cinematic and literary science fiction, at a moment when man-made machines cross from nonliving to living, it is often posited, this new form would be the first example of non-carbon-based life. Since the advent of the microprocessor in the late 1960s, these machines are often classed as computers (or computer-guided robots) and filed under "silicon-based life", even though the silicon backing matrix of these processors is not nearly as fundamental to their operation as carbon is for "wet life". Nittin Das (talk) 10:44, 28 April 2018 (EDT)